中 文
— Technical Support —
What's the capacity of the battery?
A: The capacity of the VRLA battery means that when the battery is full charged and discharge at some condition to the stated end voltage, the capacity is released out, the unit is Ah. For example, when the battery discharges at 1A current for 1 hour, that's the 1Ah capacity. If the battery discharges at 4A current for 3 hours to the end voltage, the released capacity is 12Ah.
What is EPV (Cut-Off Voltage/End Point Voltage)?
A：EPV is the battery end load voltage in the condition of discharge. Many kinds of standards rule EPV definitely in different discharge rates and temperatures. EPV is different according to different discharge rates: it is low when discharge in high current, contrarily, it is high when discharge in low current.
What is the self-discharge rate of batteries?
A: The self-discharge, also known as charge retention capacity, that means when it is in open circuit state, the maintain ability of battery's storage electricity under certain environmental conditions .During storage time, the rate of capacity loss is called self-discharge rate. It is mainly affected by the manufacture technology, materials, storage conditions and other factors, which is an important parameter to measure the battery's performance.
What is discharge hour rate?
A：Discharge hour rate is mean the discharge capacity will decrease according to increase of discharge current under condition that the active substance quantity keep unchanged. So the discharge rate should be specified when scale the discharge capacity. Discharge rate include hour rate and current rate. Hour rate(time rate) is the needful time when finished discharge the capacity under a definited current, different VRLA battery have different discharge rate standard; Current rate is also named as double rate, it is meaning that discharge current is the double rate of rating capacity.
Why the batteries need to be stored for a certain time before delivery?
A: The storage capability is an important parameter for checking the stability of general capability. After a certain period storage, the variety of capacity and inner resistance is allowed. And the storage can level off the electrochemistry performance of inner component, so that we can know the extent of self-discharge capability, then pick out the batteries with short circuit (caused by fast dropping of OCV) and micro short circuit, so the battery quality can be ensured.
Why the battery cannot be charged(fully charged)?
A: After using for a few months, the battery can not be charged, because the occur of Lead sulfate (PbSO4), sulfation as it is commonly called. Generally speaking, sulfation is the prime cause of battery failure and loss of capacity especially sulfation is a natural occurrence in all lead/acid batteries including sealed, gel-cell, and recumbent batteries. It the prime cause of early battery failure and is when the sulfur in the sulfuric acid forms sulfur crystals attach to the lead plates and then act as an "insulation" keeping the battery from accepting a charge. Typical chargers and even "smart or automatic chargers" can not overcome this phenomena and thus the battery is discarded as "not being able to hold a charge". Sulfation occurs far more readily in hot climates where batteries aren't frequently used or kept up to voltage. Sulfation can occur in brand new batteries in as short of time period of a few weeks or a few months.
How to avoid the plate sulfation?
1. Using an extended charge, known as an equalization charge to slow-down the rate of sulfation
2. Avoid low cutoff voltage discharges
3. Recharge immediately after discharge
4. Completely charged before using
5. Please shelve the battery after it’s fully charged
Advantages of Lead Acid Batteries?
Technology progresses in the mid-1970s when researchers developed a maintenance-free lead acid battery that was able to operate in any position. The liquid electrolyte was transformed into moistened separator and the enclosure was sealed. In addition, safety valves were added to allow venting of gas during charge and discharge. Nowadays, life without lead acid batteries seems implausible. They have myriad uses and are one of the most useful batteries with the longest life cycle, the greatest energy density per pound, and the most mature recycling infrastructure of similarly priced batteries.
The lead acid battery have been used over more than 140 years, lead acid batteries are reliable, mature secondary batteries, globally manufactured and therefore a widely understood technology. When used correctly, they are very durable and dependable. Their self-discharge rate is among the lowest of rechargeable battery systems. Capable of high discharge rates, the lead acid battery is able to deliver the bursts of energy that are required to start an engine.
Lead acid batteries are environmentally sound in that they are recycled at an incredibly high rate. Today, 98% of lead acid batteries are recycled. With low maintenance requirements, the lead acid battery includes no memory and no electrolyte to fill on the sealed version.
In terms of these advantages of the lead acid battery, they are widely used by many different industries, such as, telecommunication, power systems, radio, and television systems, solar, UPS, electric vehicles, automobile, forklifts, emergency lights, etc.
Does overcharging damage batteries?
OVERCHARGING is the most destructive element in battery service. Usually the boater is not aware that this is occurring as he believes his alternator or battery charger is "automatic." Unfortunately, these automatic circuits are sensitive to voltage surges, heat, direct lightening strikes and indirect lightening electromagnetic influences and could fail or shift their calibration. When they fail, overcharging begins to affect the batteries. During overcharging, excessive current causes the oxides on the plates of the battery to "shed" and precipitate to the bottom of the cell and also heat the battery, thus removing water from the electrolyte. Once removed, this material (which represents capacity) is no longer active in the battery. In addition, the loss of water from the electrolyte may expose portions of the plates and cause the exposed areas to oxidize and become inactive, thus reducing additional capacity. Sealed batteries are not immune from the same internal results when overcharged. In fact, sealed recombination absorption and gel batteries are particularly sensitive to overcharging. Once moisture is removed from the battery, it cannot be replaced. Portions of the battery damaged due to overcharging are irretrievable. However, if detected early, corrective adjustments to the charging device will save the undamaged portion of the battery. Initial signs of overcharging are excessive usage of water in the battery, continuously warm batteries, or higher than normal battery voltages while under the influence of the charger. If overcharging is suspected, correct immediately.
Does over-discharging damage batteries?
OVER-DISCHARGING is a problem which originates from insufficient battery capacity causing the batteries to be overworked. Discharges deeper than 50% (in reality well below 12.0 Volts or 1.200 Specific Gravity) significantly shorten the Cycle Life of a battery without increasing the usable depth of cycle. Infrequent or inadequate complete recharging can also cause over-discharging symptoms called SULFATION. Despite that charging equipment is regulating back properly, over-discharging symptoms are displayed as loss of battery capacity and lower than normal specific gravity. Sulfation occurs when sulfur from the electrolyte combines with the lead on the plates and forms lead-sulfate. Once this condition becomes chronic, marine battery chargers will not remove the hardened sulfate. Sulfation can usually be removed by a proper desulfation or equalization charge with external manual battery chargers. To accomplish this task, the flooded plate batteries must be charged at 6 to 10 amps. at 2.4 to 2.5 volts per cell until all cells are gassing freely and their specific gravity returns to their full charge concentration. Sealed AGM batteries should be brought to 2.35 volts per cell and then discharged to 1.75 volts per cell. This process must be repeated until the capacity returns to the battery. Gel batteries may not recover. In most cases, the battery may be returned to complete its service life.
CHARGING Alternators and float battery chargers including regulated photo voltaic chargers have automatic controls which taper the charge rate as the batteries come up in charge. It should be noted that a decrease to a few amperes while charging does not mean that the batteries have been fully charged. Battery chargers are of three types. There is the manual type, the trickle type, and the automatic switcher type.
What matters need attention during battery installation？
1、Batteries should be put in a dry and bentilated place (at no time should it work in a sealed container), keep away from direct sunlight and any kind of heating.
2、Use insulated tools when installing the battery so as to avoid shock accidents.
3、Fasten all bolts tightly when installing connecting wire to illiminate occureance of sparks.
4、Keep a minimum distance of 2CM between batteries,otherwise the wires may be overheated by any chance.
5、It is recommended that battery be connected in series with the same type that has equivalent amount of capacity.
6、Only batteries or battery band that have the same norminal voltage and capacity can be connected in parallel (Parallel is not favorably advised).
What is a Lead-Acid Battery?
Voltage
Voltage is an electrical measure which describes the potential to do work. The higher the voltage the greater its risk to you and your health. Systems that use voltages below 50V are considered low-voltage and are not governed by an as strict (some might say arcane) set of rules as high-voltage systems.
Current
Current is a measure of how many electrons are flowing through a conductor. Current is usually measured in amperes (A). Current flow over time is defined as ampere-hours (a.k.a. amp-hours or Ah), a product of the average current and the amount of time it flowed.
Power
Power is the product of voltage and current and is measured in Watts. Power over time is usually defined in Watt-hours (Wh), the product of the average number of watts and time. Your energy utility usually bills you per kiloWatt-hour (kWh), which is 1,000 watt-hours.
A lead-acid battery is a electrical storage device that uses a reversible chemical reaction to store energy. It uses a combination of lead plates or grids and an electrolyte consisting of a diluted sulphuric acid to convert electrical energy into potential chemical energy and back again. The electrolyte of lead-acid batteries is hazardous to your health and may produce burns and other permanent damage if you come into contact with it. Thus, when dealing with electrolyte protect yourself appropriately!
Deep Cycle vs. Starter Batteries
Batteries are typically built for specific purposes and they differ in construction accordingly. Broadly speaking, there are two applications that manufacturers build their batteries for: Starting and Deep Cycle.
• As the name implies, Starter Batteries are meant to get combustion engines going. They have many thin lead plates which allow them to discharge a lot of energy very quickly for a short amount of time. However, they do not tolerate being discharged deeply, as the thin lead plates needed for starter currents degrade quickly under deep discharge and re-charging cycles. Most starter batteries will only tolerate being completely discharged a few times before being irreversibly damaged.
• Deep Cycle batteries have thicker lead plates that make them tolerate deep discharges better. They cannot dispense charge as quickly as a starter battery but can also be used to start combustion engines. You would simply need a bigger deep-cycle battery than if you had used a dedicated starter type battery instead. The thicker the lead plates, the longer the life span, all things being equal. Battery weight is a simple indicator for the thickness of the lead plates used in a battery. The heavier a battery for a given group size, the thicker the plates, and the better the battery will tolerate deep discharges.
• Some "Marine" batteries are sold as dual-purpose batteries for starter and deep cycle applications. However, the thin plates required for starting purposes inherently compromise deep-cycle performance. Thus, such batteries should not be cycled deeply and should be avoided for deep-cycle applications unless space/weight constraints dictate otherwise.
Regular versus Valve-Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) Batteries
Battery Containers come in several different configurations. Flooded Batteries can be either the sealed or open variety.
• Sealed Flooded Cells are frequently found as starter batteries in cars. Their electrolyte cannot be replenished. When enough electrolyte has evaporated due to charging, age, or just ambient heat, the battery has to be replaced.
• Deep-Cycle Flooded cells usually have removable caps that allow you to replace any electrolyte that has evaporated over time. Take care not to contaminate the electrolyte - wipe the exterior container while rinsing the towel frequently.
VRLA batteries remain under constant pressure of 1-4 psi. This pressure helps the recombination process under which 99+% of the Hydrogen and Oxygen generated during charging are turned back into water. The two most common VRLA batteries used today are the Gel and Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) variety.
• Gel batteries feature an electrolyte that has been immobilized using a gelling agent like fumed silica.
• AGM batteries feature a thin fiberglass felt that holds the electrolyte in place like a sponge.
Neither AGM nor Gel cells will leak if inverted, pierced, etc. and will continue to operate even under water.
Product Features
This Product is designed and manufactured according to GB/T19638.1-2005 and GB/T19638.2-2005. It can be used with proper installation, no water is needed. This products owns no-leakage, low resistance, anti-vibration, anti-over-discharged, high recovery, low discharging rate, long service life and other features.
1) Please read this manual carefully before using to ensure correct installation and usage, otherwise users bear all the risks;
2) This manual must be delivered to customers.
Unpacking and Inspection
The following contents should be inspected upon unpacking
1. There must be a copy of “USE EXPONENT” and “QUALIFYING CERTIFICATES”.
2. Inspection for cracking in outside casing and acid leaking
3. Terminal Voltage of single battery must subject to the requirements from the table. If any abnormal phenomena, please contact with agents immediately.
|
Nominal Voltage |
2V |
4V |
6V |
8V |
10V |
12V |
|
Measured Voltage |
>2.1V |
>4.2V |
>6.3V |
>8.4V |
>10.5V |
>12.6V |
Safety Matters
l Please do not disassemble or modify by yourself, otherwise the sulphuric acid and lead inside the battery will cause damage to the human body and the environment.
l Never short circuit the positive and negative terminal, otherwise it will cause electric shock, fire or breakdown.
l Please securely fasten the screws of the terminal; the loosened screws can cause fire.
l Always disconnect the main power supply upon installation, otherwise it will cause electric shock
l Please ensure the battery not to get to oil, water or other chemicals, otherwise it will cause electric shock, fire, breakdown and etc.
l Please do not connect to the power source other than the nominal voltage, otherwise it will cause fire.
l Please do not use the battery directly as AC power, other wise it will cause fire and breakdown. Convertor like UPS is essential for AC purpose.
l Do not place the battery close to fire or heat to avoid explosion.
Attention
Please do not store or use the battery under the following conditions, otherwise it will cause breakdown, acid-leakage, electric-leakage etc.
l Places where temperature under -10℃ or beyond 50℃.
l Places where exposed directly to sun or rain.
l Places where there is moist or ice.
l Places where there is corrosive gas.
l Places where the moisture is high or dusty.
l Places where there is vibration or impact.
It should be stored under cool, dry and clean conditions.
Transportation, Storage & Maintenance
1. It should be handled with care as the battery is heavy shile the outside casing is easy to break, it should never be tossed as it would crack the casing, causing the highly corrosive sulphuric acid to leak and damaging the battery.
2. The battery is high density product, stacking up too high during transportation will damage the terminal at the bottom layer, the stack should not be higher than 5 layers.
3. The batteries in storage should be inspected once a month. If the terminal voltage is found lower than the nominal voltage, it should be recharged immediately, otherwise over-self-discharging may disable any recharging capability. In general, the recharge should be carried out once every 3 months.
4. The following inspection should be carried out in every season.
(1) To ensure the battery room to be clean, free of garbage and properly lit.
(2) To ensure all the safety equipments are in place and under normal function.
(3) To measure and record the air temperature in the battery room.
(4) To inspect the cleanness of the battery, signs of terminal damage or heating, and signs of any overheating damage of the outside casing or cover.
(5) To measure and record the system float charging voltage on the battery
(6) To measure and record the temperature of the control device of the battery.
(7) To measure and record the DC floating charging voltage of each unit.
(8) To measure and record the system balance voltage.
Battery Installation
A. Connection in Series: Only the batteries (or battery group) with similar practical capacity can be connected in series, battery group is equal to the total voltage of each battery. The capacity of the connected battery group is determined by the unit with the smallest practical capacity in the battery group.
Attention:
1. Batteries with different nominal capacity should not be connected.
2. New and old batteries should not be connected.
3. Batteries provided by different manufacturers should not be connected.
4. Batteries with similar specification but different remaining capacity should not be connected; all batteries with different capacity should be recharged separately before connection.
5. Batteries newly installed must charged for fully 12 hours with current under 0.1C and pre-set voltage before use. After the capacity of different single battery is almost the same, the batteries can be tested and adjusted, which is very important for the service life and reliability of batteries.
B. Connection in parallel. Only the batteries (or battery group) with similar practical voltage can be connected in parallel, the voltage remains unchanged after connection and the total capacity is equal to the sum of all the batteries (battery group) connected.
Attention:
Batteries with different nominal voltage should not be connected in parallel.
Charging, Discharging & Durability
A. Cycle Use:
1. If the equipment connected to the power source separates from the power source after battery fully charged and obtains power from batteries, cycle use method should be chosen under these circumstances.
2. There should be a limitation on the maximum voltage provided by the charging equipment during cycle charging(under temperature of 20℃): charging voltage of 2v battery is 2.35~2.45v; charging voltage of 6v battery is 7.05~7.35v;charging voltage of 12v battery is 14.4~14.7v. The maximum charging current should not be higher than the nominal capacity by 25%A.
3. Charging must be suspended immediately when battery is fully charged, otherwise the battery will be damage due to overcharging.
4. The battery should not be upside down during charging.
5. The cycle charging life depends on the depth of discharging, the deeper the battery discharged the shorter the battery will service, vice versa.
B. Floating Use:
1. If the equipment is always connected to the power source and is in a charging condition and when the outside power source ceases while power is supplied by the battery, the floating use method should be chosen under circumstances.
2. There should be a limitation on the maximum charging voltage provided by the floating charging equipment: each unit of floating charging voltage at 25℃ is 2.26~2.30v. The maximum charging current should not be higher than the nominal capacity by 25%A.
3. The floating charging life mainly depends on the floating charging voltage and the environment temperature, the higher is the floating charging voltage, and the shorter is the service life.
C. Discharging
When the terminal voltage is lower than the stipulated final voltage during the discharge or the multiple and intermittent discharge lasts until it reaches final voltage (no charging between 2 discharges), then it is considered as over-discharged. Over-discharged will cause damage to the battery and shorten the life of the battery. The values of the discharging current and final voltage are as follows:
|
Battery of Nominal Capacity≥24AH |
Battery of Nominal Capacity<24AH |
Remark |
||
|
Discharge Current |
Final Voltage |
Discharge Current |
Final Voltage |
Consult technician for special |
|
0.1~0.25CA |
1.80V/CELL |
0.1CA |
1.8V/CELL |
|
|
0.05~0.1CA |
1.75V/CELL |
0.05~0.1CA |
1.75V/CELL |
|
|
0.25~0.55CA |
1.60V/CELL |
1~3CA |
1.60V/CELL |
|
Top charge and precautions :Any VRLA-AGM battery will be damaged by continual undercharging or overcharging ，thus capacity is reduced and life is shortened .Although XINNENG batteries accept a charge very well due to their low internal resistance . Overcharging is extremely harmful to any VRLA battery because of the sealed design . Overcharging dries out the electrolyte by driving the oxygen and hydrogen out of the battery through the pressure relief valves which will lead to less capacity and shorter lifetime . If a battery is continually undercharged , a barrier layer of sulfate will build up on the positive plate which will impact recharging acceptability .Premature plate shedding can also happen . Performance is reduced and life is shortened .
It is critical that a charger be used that limits voltage . The charger must be temperature-compensated to prevent under or overcharging due to ambient temperature changes . The warranty is void if improperly charged . Use a good constant potential , temperature-compensated , voltage-regulated charger .
Battery storage :
If the battery has high temperature or poor ventilation storage and delivery , the self-discharge will increase . So , keep good ventilation and keep away from fire , flame , heat supply , etc . When storing the battery , take it off from the charger and load and keep it in the dry and cool place .Please supplement charge before use when the battery has been kept for a long time .
Cautions :
1) Keep batteries in a place , where children can not reach
2) Do not attempt to disassemble , revise ,damage ,impact，dispose batteries ，otherwise the battery can leak ,be overheated ,or explore
3) Do not dispose of the batteries in water ,fire , and do not heating the batteries.
4) Do not short batteries
5) Do not put your face near the top of batteries . Please wear gloves , eye protection when you measure or repair batteries.
6) There is sulfuric acid in the battery , do not make contact with sulfuric acid in skin , clothes, or especially in eyes . If eyes make contact with sulfuric acid ,please wash with a lot of clean water , and consult a physician immediately
7) The suitable temperature is -15°C~+50°C ，but it will have longer life in the temperature from +20°C to+30°C。 The operation circumstances are defined as :discharging temperature range -15°C to+50°C ;charging temperature range 0°C to+40°C
Charge Voltages and Temperature Ranges
|
Temp(℉) |
Deep Cycle Using Voltage(V/cell) |
Floating Using Voltage(V/cell) |
Temp(℃) |
||
|
Optimum |
Maximum |
Optimum |
Maximum |
||
|
≥120 |
2.23 |
2.28 |
2.15 |
2.18 |
≥49 |
|
110-120 |
2.27 |
2.32 |
2.17 |
2.22 |
43-49 |
|
100-110 |
2.28 |
2.33 |
2.18 |
2.23 |
38-42 |
|
90-100 |
2.30 |
2.35 |
2.20 |
2.25 |
32-38 |
|
80-90 |
2.32 |
2.37 |
2.22 |
2.27 |
27-32 |
|
70-80 |
2.35 |
2.40 |
2.25 |
2.30 |
21-27 |
|
60-70 |
2.38 |
2.43 |
2.28 |
2.33 |
16-21 |
|
50-60 |
2.40 |
2.45 |
2.30 |
2.35 |
10-16 |
|
40-50 |
2.43 |
2.48 |
2.33 |
2.38 |
4-10 |
|
30-40 |
2.46 |
2.51 |
2.34 |
2.39 |
(-1)-4 |
|
20-30 |
2.49 |
2.54 |
2.36 |
2.41 |
(-6)-(-1) |
|
10-20 |
2.53 |
2.58 |
2.38 |
2.43 |
(-12)-(-6) |
|
≤10 |
2.58 |
2.63 |
2.39 |
2.44 |
≤(-12) |
Pursuant to the applicable environmental laws and regulations in China, we have installed various equipment at all of our production facilities for the removal of lead dust and particles generated during our production process and to minimize the amount of pollutants in the air. The equipment includes ventilation systems, dust absorbing and removing systems, acidic mist and lead fumes purifying machines and fresh air pipelines.
Our production process generates waste water containing lead and sulphuric acid. We have installed waste water treatment facilities at our production facilities. The water treatment facility neutralizes the waste water and removes its lead content in accordance with the applicable environmental standards in China. Our production facilities have obtained ISO 14001:2004 certification for environmental management.
At Singlang we take pride in carrying out the fundamentals of business in a thoroughly professional and praiseworthy manner. Along with quality product, competitive pricing and excellent delivery, we offer the best in customer service. Indeed we feel that our team of customer service professionals is one of our greatest strengths.
Each of our customer service personnel goes through a rigorous training program; a training program that is, as thorough in content, as it is in attention to detail. Almost as important, our customer service staff are supported by the latest in management systems and sophisticated programming.
We are in the business of satisfying our customer. From providing general information, through order entry, in providing order updates, right down to post order follow up, service team is there for our customer . Through our best customer care efforts, we’re there to put more dollars in your pocket and to make your work day more rewarding.
For more information please refer to our website www.chinashengneng.com or e-mail us at sales1@xnb-battery.com
Contact Us
Tel.:+86-592-8268095 E-mail: sales1@xnb-battery.com
Add.: Longmei Industry, Anxi, Quanzhou, Fujian Pro., China
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